Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwekushandisa kwevanhu, chiyero chevatengi vekofi yemumba chakapfuura 300 miriyoni, uye musika wekofi weChinese wakakura nekukurumidza. Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kwemaindasitiri, chiyero cheindasitiri yekofi yeChina chichakwira kusvika pamabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu emadhora muna 2024, nekukura kwechikamu che17.14% mumakore matatu apfuura. Chirevo chekutsvaga kwemusika wekofi weChinese chakaburitswa neInternational Coffee Organisation (ICO) yakaratidzawo ramangwana rakajeka reindasitiri yekofi yeChina.
Kofi inonyanya kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nemafomu ekunwa: kofi yekukurumidza uye ichangobva kubikwa. Parizvino, kofi yekukurumidza uye yekofi ichangobva kubikwa inosvika makumi matanhatu muzana yemusika wekofi yekuChina, uye makofi achangobikwa anokwana makumi mana muzana. Nekuda kwekupinda kwetsika yekofi uye kuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwemari yevanhu, vanhu vari kutsvaga hupenyu hwepamusoro uye vachibhadhara zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutarisisa kunaka uye kuravira kwekofi. Huyero hwemusika wekofi ichangobva kubikwa huri kukura nekukurumidza, izvo zvakasimudzira kudyiwa kwebhinzi dzekofi dzemhando yepamusoro uye kudiwa kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika.
1. Kugadzirwa kwebhinzi yekofi pasi rose
Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwebhinzi yekofi pasi rose kwakaramba kuchikwira. Maererano neFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations (FAO), kugadzirwa kwekofi yepasi rose kuchasvika 10.891 miriyoni matani muna 2022, gore negore kuwedzera kwe2.7%. Maererano neWorld Coffee Organization ICO, kugadzirwa kwekofi pasi rose mumwaka we 2022-2023 kuchawedzera ne 0.1% gore negore kusvika kumabhegi emamiriyoni e168, akaenzana nemamiriyoni e10.092 mamiriyoni; zvinofungidzirwa kuti kugadzirwa kwekofi yakazara mumwaka we2023-2024 kuchawedzera ne5.8% kusvika 178 miriyoni masaga, akaenzana ne10.68 miriyoni matani.
Kofi chirimwa chiri munzvimbo dzinopisa, uye nzvimbo yayo yekudyara pasi rose inonyanya kugoverwa muLatin America, Africa neSoutheast Asia. Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations, iyo yakazara nzvimbo yekurima kofi munyika muna 2022 ndeye 12.239 miriyoni mahekita, gore negore kuderera kwe3.2%. Mhando dzekofi dzepasi rose dzinogona kukamurwa kuita kofi yeArabica uye kofi yeRobusta. Mhando mbiri dzebhinzi dzekofi dzine hunhu hwakasiyana uye dzinowanzo shandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana. Panyaya yekugadzirwa, muna 2022-2023, kugadzirwa kwepasi rose kweArabica coffee ichava mabhegi emamiriyoni 9.4 (anenge mamiriyoni 5.64 matani), kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe1,8%, kuverengera 56% yehuwandu hwekofi yakagadzirwa; iyo yose yekugadzirwa kwekofi yeRobusta ichava mabhegi emamiriyoni 7.42 (anenge mamiriyoni 4.45 matani), gore negore kuderera kwe2%, kuverengera 44% yehuwandu hwekugadzira kofi.
Muna 2022, pachave nenyika gumi nenhanhatu dzine kugadzirwa kwekofi kunodarika zviuru zana zvematani, zvichitora 91.9% yekugadzirwa kwekofi pasi rose. Pakati pavo, nyika dze7 muLatin America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico neNicaragua) inotora 47.14% yekugadzirwa kwenyika yose; Nyika 5 muAsia (Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Laos neChina) inotora 31.2% yepasi rose kugadzirwa kwekofi; Nyika ina muAfrica (Ethiopia, Uganda, Central African Republic neGuinea) inotora 13.5% yepasi rose kugadzirwa kwekofi.
2. Kugadzirwa kwebhinzi yekofi yekuChina
Sekureva kweUnited Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, kugadzirwa kwebhinzi yekofi yekuChina muna 2022 kuchave matani zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe, nekukura kwemakore gumi kwechikamu che1.2%, ichiverengera 1% yepasi rose kugadzirwa, iri pachinzvimbo chegumi neshanu munyika. Maererano nefungidziro neWorld Coffee Organisation ICO, nzvimbo yekudyara kofi yeChina inodarika mahekita makumi masere ezviuru, ine goho regore rinopfuura 2.42 miriyoni masaga. Nzvimbo huru dzekugadzira dzakaiswa muYunnan Province, inoverengera ingangoita 95% yegore rose yekugadzirwa kweChina. Iwo asara 5% anobva kuHainan, Fujian neSichuan.
Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuYunnan Provincial Dhipatimendi rekurima uye Rural Development, panosvika 2022, nzvimbo yekudyara kofi muYunnan ichasvika 1.3 miriyoni mu, uye bhinzi yekofi inobuda ingangoita 110,000 matani. Muna 2021, kukosha kwekubuda kweiyo yese indasitiri yekofi muYunnan yaive 31.67 bhiriyoni yuan, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe1.7%, uko kukosha kwekurima kwaive 2.64 bhiriyoni yuan, kukosha kwekubuda kweiyo 17.36 bhiriyoni yuan, uye mutengo wakawedzera nekutengesa wakawedzera 11.67 bhiriyoni yuan.
3. Kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda uye kushandiswa kwebhinzi dzekofi
Zvinoenderana nekufanotaura kweFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations (FAO), iyo yepasi rose yekutengesa vhoriyamu yegirini kofi bhinzi muna 2022 ichave 7.821 miriyoni matani, gore negore kuderera kwe0.36%; uye maererano nekufanotaura kweWorld Coffee Organisation (WCO), huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwebhinzi dzekofi dzakasvibirira muna 2023 huchadonha kusvika pamamiriyoni manomwe nenomwe.
Panyaya yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, Brazil ndiyo inonyanya kutengesa bhinzi dzekofi dzakasvibirira pasi rose. Sekureva kweUnited Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika muna 2022 hwaive matani 2.132 miriyoni, zvichiverengera 27.3% yehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika (zvakafanana pazasi); Vietnam iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri nehuwandu hwematani emamiriyoni e1.314 ekutengesa kunze kwenyika, achiverengera 16.8%; Colombia iri pachinhanho chechitatu nehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwe630,000 matani, inoverengera 8.1%. Muna 2022, China yakatengesa kunze matani makumi mana neshanu ebhinzi yekofi yakasvibirira, iri pachinzvimbo chechimakumi maviri nembiri pakati penyika nematunhu epasi. Maererano neChinese Customs statistics, China yakatumira kunze kwe16,000 matani ebhinzi yekofi muna 2023, kuderera kwe62.2% kubva 2022; China yakatumira kunze zviuru makumi maviri nezvitatu zvematani ebhinzi dzekofi kubva munaNdira kusvika Chikumi 2024, kuwedzera kwe133.3% panguva imwe cheteyo muna 2023.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-25-2025
